Comparison of Spray and Point Inoculation with Fusarium graminearum to Evaluate FHB Disease in Two Winter Wheat Genotypes Under Temperature Stress
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
1-5
Received:
10 August 2016
Accepted:
24 August 2016
Published:
13 April 2017
Abstract: Two near isogenic lines of wheat; Mercia 1 (Rht-B1b) and Mercia 2 (Rht-D1b) were evaluated for Type I and Type II resistance using point or spray inoculation and incubated under controlled environment. The experiment was a complete factorial combination of 2 x 4 x 2 x 4 {2 genotypes, 4 inoculation treatments (spray + Fusarium, spray + SDW, point + Fusarium, point + SDW) x 2 temperatures} and 4 randomised replicates. Wheat spikes were sprayed with a single spore isolate of F. graminearum 4 days after the start of flowering and transferred to controlled environment cabinets set at either 23/15°C or 28/20°C for 14 days and then taken outside to mature. Results reveals that genotype showed no difference in FHB severity in both spray inoculation and point inoculation but the temperature main effect only approached significance (P=0.071) with low temperature increasing FHB severity following point inoculation. High temperature significantly (P<0.001) increased DON concentration in spray inoculation, contrasted the effect in point inoculation. However, the amount of DON per grain showed no significant (P>0.05) effect. Grains per spike was significantly (P<0.011) reduced by 25% following spray when compared with point inoculation, but showed no significant (P>0.05) effect of temperature. On average, Fusarium infection significantly (P<0.001) reduced wheat grain weight by 28% when compared with uninoculated control.
Abstract: Two near isogenic lines of wheat; Mercia 1 (Rht-B1b) and Mercia 2 (Rht-D1b) were evaluated for Type I and Type II resistance using point or spray inoculation and incubated under controlled environment. The experiment was a complete factorial combination of 2 x 4 x 2 x 4 {2 genotypes, 4 inoculation treatments (spray + Fusarium, spray + SDW, point + ...
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Menstrual Hygiene Practice and Associated Factors among Secondary School Girls in Wegera District, Northwest Ethiopia; a Cross-Sectional Study
Meseret Abay Fisseha,
Yigzaw Kebede,
Hedija Yenus Yeshita
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
6-11
Received:
1 March 2017
Accepted:
23 March 2017
Published:
15 April 2017
Abstract: Menstrual hygiene is an issue that is insufficiently acknowledged and has not received adequate attention. There is a substantial knowledge gap on menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls. Lack of knowledge and poor personal hygienic practices during menstruation can lead to various gynecological problems. This study aimed to assess menstrual hygine practice and factors associated with it among secondary school girls in Wegera District, Northwest Ethiopia. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 randomly selected secondary school girls from March to April, 2014. The data were collected by using pre-tested self -administered questionnaire. Good menstrual hygiene practice was found to be 29.8%. Menstrual practice among girls who had exposure to advertisement on sanitary napkins (AOR 2.06(1.27, 3.34)) and good knowledge on menstrual hygiene (AOR 2.23(1.06, 4.71)) were the factors associated with good menstrual hygiene practice. This study revealed that the menstrual hygiene practice of secondary school girls was low. Exposure to advertisement regarding sanitary napkins and knowledge on menstrual hygiene were found to influence their practice towards menstrual hygiene. Menstrual hygiene is an issue needs to be addressed at all levels.
Abstract: Menstrual hygiene is an issue that is insufficiently acknowledged and has not received adequate attention. There is a substantial knowledge gap on menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls. Lack of knowledge and poor personal hygienic practices during menstruation can lead to various gynecological problems. This study aimed to assess menstrual hygin...
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