Farmers Traditional Knowledge on Teff (Eragrostistef) Farming Practice and Crop Rotation in PGP Microbes Enhancement for Soil Fertility in West and East Gojam
Birhanu Gizaw Tegene,
Zerihun Tsegay,
Genene Tefera,
Endegena Aynalem,
Misganaw Wassie
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
45-54
Received:
28 February 2017
Accepted:
9 March 2017
Published:
21 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cbb.20160406.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Teff (Eragrostis tef), a cereal grain included in grass family of Poaceae, diversified and endemic to Ethiopia supports more than 70-75% of Ethiopia's population as staple and co-staple food. Teff farming and processing for food is based on traditional indigenous knowledge of farmers vary in different teff growing areas. The objective of this study was to assess and document traditional knowledge of farmer’s crop rotation and soil fertility improvement for teff farming and utilization practice in east Gojam and West Gojam. Data was collected using structured, semi-structured questionnaire, personal interview, focus group discussion and key informant interview. Then a structured and semi-structured questionnaire was designed to collect information across 20 group informants (100 listed elder informants) who involved in the study from seven districts. The major Teff farming steps, selection teff variety, preparation of farming area, lost teff variety, the role of crop rotation in teff productivity, type of crop used for rotations in soil fertility, role of microbes in soil fertility through crop rotation, the traditional farming equipment, traditional storage and pile making were described. Among the respondents 75% of those in the study area were male and 25% female and almost all study participants were evolved from Amhara ethnic groups that involved in teff farming. Teff variety which were dominant and locally called and recognized by many farmers in East and west Gojm were, Magna, Dabo, Sergegna, Nech Bunign, Godashigne, kuncho, Amerach, Qeytala, Cross 37, Azene, Qomten, Lemma, Nech laba, Avola Bunign, Bose, Yilmana, Etsub, Mure, kora. 100% of respondent used cop rotation for teff farming and productivity. 92% of respondent of east Gojam mostly used, vetch (Lathyrus sativus)’ niger, (Guizotia abyssinica) and 81% of respondant of west Gojam in addiion to vetch (Lathyrus sativus)’ niger, (Guizotia abyssinica) also used chick pea (Cicer arietinum), Barely (Hordeum vulgare) Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Pea (Pisum sativum), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), maiz used for crop rotation in teff farm land, 32% respondant also used rotation of different teff cultivar annually to improve their soil fertility and teff productivity. This traditional knowledge in using of legume plant for crop rotation in teff yield and productivity tells us that farmers indirectly keep the balance of soil microbial community especially that plant growth promoting Microbs (PGPR/F) involved in Nitrogen fixation, phosphate solublization, and Phytohormon production, sidrophore production and Antibiotics production.
Abstract: Teff (Eragrostis tef), a cereal grain included in grass family of Poaceae, diversified and endemic to Ethiopia supports more than 70-75% of Ethiopia's population as staple and co-staple food. Teff farming and processing for food is based on traditional indigenous knowledge of farmers vary in different teff growing areas. The objective of this study...
Show More
Study on Backcross Population with Their Parents for Different Agro-Morphological Traits of Wild and Cultivated Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Species
Salik Ram Gupta,
Vikas Mangal,
Anil Kumar Bairwa,
Pallavi Kumari Singh,
Nav Raj Adhikari,
Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
55-59
Received:
18 December 2016
Accepted:
28 December 2016
Published:
22 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cbb.20160406.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Wild rice is a potential source of many biotic and abiotic stress tolerant genes that could be incorporated to improve cultivated rice. The present rice varieties have narrow genetic base, thus wild rice could serve to extend the genetic base of the cultivated cultivars. To study the inheritance and ancillitary characters of different back cross populations and landraces available among us, we performed line X tester cross followed by backcrossing with recurrent parents. We used both local landraces and cultivated inbreds as parents to fulfill our crossing demand. The crossing of cultivated rice with wild rice and their backcross behavior showed that wild rice consists some desirable traits which can be introgressed to cultivated rice if there is no linkage drag. Some most desirable traits such as flag leaf angle, leaf width, panicle length which are responsible for higher photosynthesis were found higher in backcross progeny which indicates that these genotypes can be utilized further in generation nursery.
Abstract: Wild rice is a potential source of many biotic and abiotic stress tolerant genes that could be incorporated to improve cultivated rice. The present rice varieties have narrow genetic base, thus wild rice could serve to extend the genetic base of the cultivated cultivars. To study the inheritance and ancillitary characters of different back cross po...
Show More
The Autofluorescence Response of Flower Cells from Saintpaulia Ionantha as the Biosensor Reaction to Ozone
Roshchina V. V.,
Shvirst N. E.,
Kuchin A. V.
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
60-66
Received:
28 November 2016
Accepted:
20 December 2016
Published:
23 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cbb.20160406.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Anthocyanin-containing cells from blue petals of flowers of Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl have been considered as models for the fluorescent analysis (by luminescence microscopy including confocal microscopy technique) in the indication damages arisen under the action of various ozone concentrations. Laser-scanning confocal microscopy permitted to observe the changes in images of autofluorescence and the fluorescence spectra of individual cells of petal and multicellular secretory hairs. First alterations were fixed in the emission spectra of some petal cells just after 2.5 h -exposure in O3 (total dose 0.005 μl/l) – missing of maxima 620-630, 640-650 and 665 nm, peculiar to anthocyanins. Although at the ozone concentrations 0.005 μl/l under luminescence microscope any changes in the fluorescence images were not seen yet. Acute experiments during 25 h-50 h-exposures with O3 (doses 0.05 -0.1 μl/l) led to changes both in common fluorescence images (quenching of the emission in main cells of the petal surface and stalks of the secretory hair) and in the spectral position of maxima at region 620 - 660 nm, peculiar to anthocyanins, that disappeared in main petal cells. The chlorophyll maximum 675-680 nm has seen up to 25 h of the exposure, and disappeared to 50 h of the ozonation. In the secretory hairs, similar picture was registered in some cells of stalk, whereas head of the trichome differencing from main cells fluoresced with maximum 480-500 nm, and here additional emission in yellow-orange region have also seen. Experiments with individual phenols and chlorophyll treated with ozone showed that only anthocyanins in vacuole and chlorophyll in chloroplasts are targets of O3 even in smallest concentrations. The sensitive cells of flowers have been recommended as possible ozone bioindicators both outdoors and indoors.
Abstract: Anthocyanin-containing cells from blue petals of flowers of Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl have been considered as models for the fluorescent analysis (by luminescence microscopy including confocal microscopy technique) in the indication damages arisen under the action of various ozone concentrations. Laser-scanning confocal microscopy permitted to obs...
Show More
